When the first foundation stone of the church of Panagia Erithiani was set, is unknown. 
In the time of Italians the church was named Santa Maria Erithiani. 
Before the revolution of 1821 was a Monastery where, according to tradition, many ill people lived there, not only Chian, who believed in the miraculous power of Virgin Mary and hoped for their healing.
In 1822, time of Turkish slaughter and disaster, the church, as many other churches of Chios, was set on fire. 
The reconstruction of the church was started in 1838 and finished by 1840. 
In the big earthquake of 1881 the church of Panagia Erithiani stayed unharmed.